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A knockout (abbreviated to KO or K.O.) is a fight-ending, winning criterion in several
A technical knockout (TKO or T.K.O.), stoppage, or referee stopped contest (RSC) is declared when the referee decides during a round that a fighter cannot safely continue the match for any reason. Certain sanctioning bodies also allow the official attending physician at ringside to stop the fight as well. In many regions, a TKO is declared when a fighter is knocked down three times in one round.
In MMA bouts, the referee may declare a TKO if a fighter cannot intelligently defend themselves while being repeatedly struck.
Little is known as to what exactly causes one to be knocked unconscious, but many agree it is related to trauma to the Brainstem, brain stem. This usually happens when the head rotates sharply, often as a result of a strike. There are three general manifestations of such trauma:
* a typical knockout, which results in a sustained (three seconds or more) loss of consciousness (comparable to general anesthesia, in that the recipient emerges and has lost memory of the event).
* a "flash" knockout, when a very transient (less than three seconds) loss of consciousness occurs (in the context of a knock-down) and the recipient often maintains awareness and memory of the combat.
* a "stunning", a "dazing" or a fighter being "out on his feet", when basic consciousness is maintained (and the fighter never leaves his feet) despite a general loss of awareness and extreme distortions in proprioception, balance, visual fields, and auditory processing. Referees are taught specifically to watch for this state, as it cannot be improved by sheer willpower and usually means the fighter is already concussion, concussed and unable to safely defend themselves.
A basic principle of boxing and other combat sports is to defend against this vulnerability by keeping both hands raised about the face and the chin tucked in. This may still be ineffective if the opponent punches effectively to the Celiac_plexus, solar plexus.
A fighter who becomes unconscious from a strike (attack), strike with sufficient knockout power is referred to as having been ''knocked out'' or ''KO'd'' (''kay-ohd''). Losing balance without losing consciousness is referred to as being ''knocked down'' ("down but not out"). Repeated blows to the head, regardless of whether they cause loss of consciousness, may in severe cases cause strokes or paralysis in the immediacy, and over time have been linked to permanent neurodegenerative diseases such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy ("punch-drunk syndrome"). Because of this, many physicians advise against sports involving knockouts.
A knockdown occurs when a fighter touches the floor of the ring with any part of the body other than the feet following a hit, but is able to rise back up and continue fighting. The term is also used if the fighter is hanging on to the ropes, caught between the ropes, or is hanging over the ropes and is unable to fall to the floor and cannot protect himself. A knockdown triggers Mandatory eight count, a count by the referee (normally to 10); if the fighter fails the count, then the fight is ended as a KO.Boxing Terminology
''Ringside by Gus''. URL last accessed June 17, 2008. A flash knockdown is a knockdown in which the fighter hits the canvas but recovers quickly enough that a count is not started.
KO statistics of Mike Tyson, Wladimir Klitschko, Earnie Shavers, George Foreman and other heavyweight boxers
All famous MMA knockouts
The differences between knockouts and concussions; a simple discussion for beginning boxers
* https://archive.today/20130505222319/http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/cbzforum/showthread.php?1450-Most-Knockouts-Career {{Boxing Martial arts terminology Boxing rules and regulations
A knockout (abbreviated to KO or K.O.) is a fight-ending, winning criterion in several full-contact
Contact sports are sports that emphasize or require physical contact between players. Some sports, such as mixed martial arts, are scored on impacting an opponent, while others, including rugby football, gridiron football and Australian rules foot ...
combat sport
A combat sport, or fighting sport, is a competitive contact sport that usually involves one-on-one combat. In many combat sports, a contestant wins by scoring more points than the opponent, submitting the opponent with a hold, disabling the oppon ...
s, such as boxing
Boxing (also known as "Western boxing" or "pugilism") is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves and other protective equipment such as hand wraps and mouthguards, throw punches at each other for a predetermined ...
, kickboxing
Kickboxing is a combat sports, combat sport focused on kicking and punch (strike), punching. The combat takes place in a boxing ring, normally with boxing gloves, mouthguards, shorts, and bare feet to favour the use of kicks. Kickboxing is pract ...
, muay thai
Muay Thai ( th, มวยไทย, , ), sometimes referred to as Thai boxing, is a combat sport that uses stand-up striking along with various clinching techniques. This discipline is known as the "art of eight limbs", as it is characterised ...
, mixed martial arts
Mixed martial arts (MMA), sometimes referred to as cage fighting, no holds barred (NHB), and ultimate fighting, and originally referred to as Vale Tudo is a full-contact combat sport based on striking, grappling and ground fighting, inc ...
, karate
(; ; Okinawan language, Okinawan pronunciation: ) is a martial arts, martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom. It developed from the Okinawan martial arts, indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts (called , "hand"; ''tii'' in Okinawan) under the ...
, some forms of taekwondo
''Taekwondo'', ''Tae Kwon Do'' or ''Taekwon-Do'' (; ko, 태권도/跆拳道 ) is a Korean form of martial arts involving punching and kicking techniques, with emphasis on head-height kicks, spinning jump kicks, and fast kicking techniques. T ...
and other sports involving striking, as well as fighting
Combat ( French for ''fight'') is a purposeful violent conflict meant to physically harm or kill the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed ( not using weapons). Combat is sometimes resorted to as a method of self-defense, or ...
-based video game
Video games, also known as computer games, are electronic games that involves interaction with a user interface or input device such as a joystick, controller, keyboard, or motion sensing device to generate visual feedback. This fee ...
s. A full knockout is considered any legal strike or combination thereof that renders an opponent unable to continue fighting.
The term is often associated with a sudden traumatic loss of consciousness
Loss may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Music
* ''Loss'' (Bass Communion album) (2006)
* ''Loss'' (Mull Historical Society album) (2001)
*"Loss", a song by God Is an Astronaut from their self-titled album (2008)
* Losses "(Lil Tjay son ...
caused by a physical blow. Single powerful blows to the head (particularly the jawline and temple) can produce a cerebral concussion
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness (LOC); memory loss; headaches; difficulty with thinking, concentration, ...
or a carotid sinus reflex
In human anatomy, the carotid sinus is a dilated area at the base of the internal carotid artery just superior to the bifurcation of the internal carotid and external carotid at the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage. The carotid ...
with syncope and cause a sudden, dramatic KO. Body blows, particularly the liver punch
A liver shot or liver punch is a punch, kick, or knee strike to the right side of the ribcage that damages the liver. Blunt force to the liver can be excruciatingly painful, and an especially effective shot will incapacitate a person instantly. Th ...
, can cause progressive, debilitating pain that can also result in a KO.
In boxing and kickboxing, a knockout is usually awarded when one participant falls to the canvas and is unable to rise to their feet within a specified period of time, typically because of exhaustion, pain, disorientation, or unconsciousness
Unconsciousness is a state in which a living individual exhibits a complete, or near-complete, inability to maintain an consciousness, awareness of self and environment or to respond to any human or environmental Stimulus (physiology), stimulus. ...
. For example, if a boxer is knocked down and is unable to continue the fight within a ten-second count, they are counted as having been knocked out and their opponent is awarded the KO victory.
In mixed martial arts (MMA) competitions, no time count is given after a knockdown, as the sport allows submission grappling as well as ground and pound
Mixed martial arts (MMA), sometimes referred to as cage fighting, no holds barred (NHB), and ultimate fighting, and originally referred to as Vale Tudo is a full-contact combat sport based on striking, grappling and ground fighting, incorp ...
. If a fighter loses consciousness ("goes limp") as a result of legal strikes, it is declared a KO. Even if the fighter loses consciousness for a brief moment and wakes up again to continue to fight, the fight is stopped and a KO is declared. As many MMA fights can take place on the mat rather than standing, it is possible to score a KO via ground and pound, a common victory for grapplers
Grappling, in hand-to-hand combat, describes sports that consist of gripping or seizing the opponent. Grappling is used at close range to gain a physical advantage over an opponent, either by imposing a position or causing injury. Grappling i ...
.
In fighting games
A fighting game, also known as a versus fighting game, is a genre of video game that involves combat between two or more players. Fighting game combat often features mechanics such as blocking, grappling, counter-attacking, and chaining attac ...
such as ''Street Fighter'' and ''Tekken'', a player scores a knockout by fully depleting the opponent's health bar, with the victor being awarded the round. The player who wins the most rounds, either by scoring the most knockouts or by having more vitality remaining when time expires during each round, wins the match. This differs from combat sports in reality, where a knockout ends the match immediately. However, some fighting games aim for a more realistic experience, with titles like ''Fight Night (video game series), Fight Night'' adhering to the rules of professional boxing, although technically they are classified as sports video game, sports games, and share many of the same features as NFL and NBA video games.
Technical knockout
A technical knockout (TKO or T.K.O.), stoppage, or referee stopped contest (RSC) is declared when the referee decides during a round that a fighter cannot safely continue the match for any reason. Certain sanctioning bodies also allow the official attending physician at ringside to stop the fight as well. In many regions, a TKO is declared when a fighter is knocked down three times in one round.
In MMA bouts, the referee may declare a TKO if a fighter cannot intelligently defend themselves while being repeatedly struck.
Double knockout
A double knockout, both in real-life combat sports and infighting
Combat ( French for ''fight'') is a purposeful violent conflict meant to physically harm or kill the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed ( not using weapons). Combat is sometimes resorted to as a method of self-defense, or ...
-based video game
Video games, also known as computer games, are electronic games that involves interaction with a user interface or input device such as a joystick, controller, keyboard, or motion sensing device to generate visual feedback. This fee ...
s, occurs when both fighters trade blows and knock each other out simultaneously and are both unable to continue fighting. In such cases, the match is declared a draw. In fighting games such as ''Street Fighter'', ''Dead or Alive (franchise), Dead or Alive'', and ''Tekken'', a draw is counted as a loss for both players.
Physical characteristics
Little is known as to what exactly causes one to be knocked unconscious, but many agree it is related to trauma to the Brainstem, brain stem. This usually happens when the head rotates sharply, often as a result of a strike. There are three general manifestations of such trauma:
* a typical knockout, which results in a sustained (three seconds or more) loss of consciousness (comparable to general anesthesia, in that the recipient emerges and has lost memory of the event).
* a "flash" knockout, when a very transient (less than three seconds) loss of consciousness occurs (in the context of a knock-down) and the recipient often maintains awareness and memory of the combat.
* a "stunning", a "dazing" or a fighter being "out on his feet", when basic consciousness is maintained (and the fighter never leaves his feet) despite a general loss of awareness and extreme distortions in proprioception, balance, visual fields, and auditory processing. Referees are taught specifically to watch for this state, as it cannot be improved by sheer willpower and usually means the fighter is already concussion, concussed and unable to safely defend themselves.
A basic principle of boxing and other combat sports is to defend against this vulnerability by keeping both hands raised about the face and the chin tucked in. This may still be ineffective if the opponent punches effectively to the Celiac_plexus, solar plexus.
A fighter who becomes unconscious from a strike (attack), strike with sufficient knockout power is referred to as having been ''knocked out'' or ''KO'd'' (''kay-ohd''). Losing balance without losing consciousness is referred to as being ''knocked down'' ("down but not out"). Repeated blows to the head, regardless of whether they cause loss of consciousness, may in severe cases cause strokes or paralysis in the immediacy, and over time have been linked to permanent neurodegenerative diseases such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy ("punch-drunk syndrome"). Because of this, many physicians advise against sports involving knockouts.
Knockdown
A knockdown occurs when a fighter touches the floor of the ring with any part of the body other than the feet following a hit, but is able to rise back up and continue fighting. The term is also used if the fighter is hanging on to the ropes, caught between the ropes, or is hanging over the ropes and is unable to fall to the floor and cannot protect himself. A knockdown triggers Mandatory eight count, a count by the referee (normally to 10); if the fighter fails the count, then the fight is ended as a KO.Boxing Terminology''Ringside by Gus''. URL last accessed June 17, 2008. A flash knockdown is a knockdown in which the fighter hits the canvas but recovers quickly enough that a count is not started.
Knockout records
Top 10 boxers by most KOs
# Billy Bird (138) # Archie Moore (132) # Young Stribling (129) # Sam Langford (128) # Buck Smith (120) # Kid Azteca (114) # George Odwell (111) # Sugar Ray Robinson, Alabama Kid (108) # Peter Maher (boxer), Peter Maher (107) # Sandy Saddler (103)Top 10 boxing champions (including interims) by KO percentage
Inactive National Boxing Association, World Colored Boxing Championship as well as list on List of current world boxing champions and European Boxing Union. # Edwin Valero, Artur Beterbiev (100%) # Deontay Wilder (98%) # Alfonso Zamora (97%) # Ángel Acosta, Dmitry Kudryashov (boxer), Dmitry Kudryashov, Jonathan Guzmán (96%) # Carlos Zárate Serna, Wilfredo Gomez, Frank Bruno (95%) # Gervonta Davis, Gerald McClellan, David Haye (93%) # Yuniel Dorticos, Gary Mason (boxer), Gary Mason (92%) # Anthony Joshua, Vitali Klitschko, In-Chul Baek (91%) # Aaron Pryor, Miguel Berchelt, George Foreman (89%) # Shannon Briggs, Khaosai Galaxy, Gennady Golovkin, David Benavidez, Mike Tyson, Rocky Marciano (88%)Top 10 MMA fighters by most KOs
# Travis Fulton (143) # Igor Vovchanchyn (41) # Travis Wiuff (39) # Luís Santos (fighter), Luís Santos (38) # Joe Riggs (37) # Paul Daley (35) # Gilbert Yvel (34) # Alexander Shlemenko (32) # Mirko Filipovic (30) # Melvin Manhoef (29)Top 10 MMA (champions, challengers) fighters by KO percentage
Fighters from inactive Pride Fighting Championships and active Ultimate Fighting Championship, UFC/Bellator MMA, Bellator plus champions and former champions from other organizations. # Melvin Manhoef (91%) # Jimi Manuwa (88%) # Conor McGregor, Jiri Prochazka, Cain Velasquez, Yoel Romero, Gilbert Yvel (86%) # Cody Garbrandt, Justin Gaethje (83%) # Derrick Lewis (fighter), Derrick Lewis (81%) # Mirko Filipovic, Mauricio Rua (78%) # Wanderlei Silva, Mark Hunt, Cristiane Justino (77%) # Stipe Miocic (76%) # Anthony Johnson (fighter), Anthony Johnson, Igor Vovchanchyn (73%) # Junior Dos Santos, Robbie Lawler (71%)Most consecutive KOs
* Boxing: LaMar Clark (42) Note: Considering Clark's unbeaten run of 44–0 with 44 knockouts, one should take into account he faced limited to no opposition; his first bout with a top-ten ranked opponent, who happened to be Bartolo Soni (12–2–1), ended with a TKO loss for him. Two other notable cases of highly questionable consecutive knockout records in boxing history were Peter McNeeley, running 36–1 with 30 knockouts before facing recently paroled Mike Tyson (41–1–0), and Richie Melito, who built up a record of 18–0 with 17 knockouts and was dubbed the "White Tyson" before Bert Cooper (34–17) stopped him. Less notable but nevertheless mentionable cases include Don Steele, running 41–0 with 38 KOs before facing off Brian Nielsen (boxer), Brian Nielsen (38–0), and Faruq Saleem, running 38–0 with 32 KOs before he faced casual actor Shawn McLean (3–4–0). * MMA: Travis Fulton (10)Most 1st round KOs and most consecutive 1st round KOs
* Boxing: Peter Maher (boxer), Peter Maher (50) * Consecutive/Boxing: Ali Raymi (22) * MMA: Travis Fulton (68) Joe Riggs (26) * Consecutive/MMA: Igor Vovchanchyn, Travis Fulton (7)Top 10 kickboxers by most KOs
# Changpuek Kiatsongrit (178) # Frank Lobman (100) # Toshio Fujiwara (99) # Andy Souwer (98) # Ramon Dekkers (95) # Badr Hari (92) # Fabrice Aurieng (89) # Mike Zambidis (86) # Branko Cikatic (82) # Peter Aerts (81)Top 10 Kickboxers (champions, challengers) by KO percentage
K-1, K-2 and Glory champions and Grand-Prix Winners as well as champions from other promotions. #Andrew Thomson (kickboxer), Andrew Thomson, Kevin Rosier (100%) # Ginty Vrede (95%) # Branko Cikatić (94%) # Mite Yine, Dennis Alexio, Abiral Ghimire (93%) # Besim Kabashi, Alain Ngalani (92%) # Frank Lobman (91%) # Benny Urquidez, Dustin Jacoby, Jean-Yves Theriault (90%) # Nicholas Pettas (89%) # Alessandro Riguccini (88%) # Zack Mwekassa, Ben Edwards (kickboxer), Ben Edwards, Badr Hari, Jean-Claude Leuyer (87%)Boxing's 50 knockout club (professional boxers with 50 or more knockouts)
* Billy Bird 138 * Archie Moore 132 * Young Stribling 126 * Sam Langford 126 * Buck Smith 120 * Kid Azteca 114 * George Odwell 111 * Sugar Ray Robinson 108 * Alabama Kid 108 * Peter Maher (boxer) 107 * Sandy Saddler 103 * Henry Armstrong 101 * Joe Gans 100 * Jimmy Wilde 98 * Jorge Castro (boxer) 90 * Tiger Jack Fox 89 * Jock McAvoy 88 * Julio César Chávez 86 * Yori Boy Campas 83 * Chalky Wright 83 * Tommy Freeman (boxer), Tommy Freeman 83 * Jose Luis Ramirez 82 * Charles Ledoux 81 * Ted Kid Lewis 80 * Fritzie Zivic 80 * Rubén Olivares 79 * George Godfrey (boxer born 1897), George Godfrey 77 * George Chaney 76 * Torpedo Billy Murphy 76 * Ceferino Garcia 74 * Primo Carnera 72 * Benny Bass 72 * Rodolfo Gonzalez (boxer) 71 * Tommy Ryan 71 * Roberto Durán 70 * Benny Leonard 70 * Jesus Pimentel 68 * Fred Fulton 68 * Earnie Shavers 68 * George Foreman 68 * Joe Jeanette 68 * Bill Brennan (boxer) 68 * Lou Brouillard 67 * Tommy Gomez 67 * Pedro Carrasco 66 * Billy Petrolle 66 * Marcel Cerdan 66 * Jack Dillon 66 * Lee Savold 65 * Willie Pep 65 * Elmer Ray 64 * George Chuvalo 63 * Carlos Zárate Serna 63 * Frank Moody 63 * Eduardo Lausse 62 * Alexis Argüello 62 * Jack Kid Berg 61 * Barbados Joe Walcott 61 * Larry Gains 61 * Adilson Rodrigues 61 * Mickey Walker (boxer) 60 * Freddie Steele 60 * Ike Williams 60 * Cleveland Williams 60 * Gregorio Peralta 60 * Tami Mauriello 60 * Max Baer (boxer) 59 * Young Peter Jackson (boxer, born 1877), Young Peter Jackson 59 * Carlos Monzon 59 * Joe Knight (boxer) 59 * Ricardo Moreno 59 * Panama Al Brown 59 * Kid Pascualito 59 * James Red Herring 58 * Eric Esch 58 * Tony Galento 57 * John Henry Lewis 57 * Pascual Perez (boxer) 57 * Charley White 57 * Kid Williams 57 * Len Harvey 57 * Jose Luis Castillo 57 * Bob Fitzsimmons 57 * Tiger Flowers 56 * Georges Carpentier 56 * Pedro Montanez 56 * Irish Bob Murphy 56 * Charles Kid McCoy 55 * Dixie Kid 55 * Gorilla Jones 55 * Freddie Mills 55 * Manuel Ortiz (boxer) 54 * Marcel Thil 54 * Solly Krieger 54 * Jose Napoles 54 * Bennie Briscoe 53 * Obie Walker 53 * Peter Kane 53 * Wladimir Klitschko 53 * Shannon Briggs 53 * Eugene Criqui 53 * Joe Louis 52 * Mike McTigue 52 * Philadelphia Jack O'Brien 52 * Lew Jenkins 52 * Marvelous Marvin Hagler, Marvin Hagler 52 * Rocky Graziano 52 * Ezzard Charles 52 * Arturo Godoy 51 * Kid Chocolate 51 * Packey McFarland 51 * Jimmy Slattery 51 * Abe Attell 51 * Miguel Angel Castellini 51 * Jorge Vaca 51 * Jorge Paez 51 * Marco Antonio Rubio 51 * Charley Burley 50 * Jose Legra 50 * Eder Jofre 50See also
* Boxing styles and technique * Chin (combat sports) * Full contact karate * Punch (combat) * Punching power * TaekwondoReferences
External links
KO statistics of Mike Tyson, Wladimir Klitschko, Earnie Shavers, George Foreman and other heavyweight boxers
All famous MMA knockouts
The differences between knockouts and concussions; a simple discussion for beginning boxers
* https://archive.today/20130505222319/http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/cbzforum/showthread.php?1450-Most-Knockouts-Career {{Boxing Martial arts terminology Boxing rules and regulations